This paper examines the barriers to free trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Using a descriptive-analytical approach based on library research, the study explores this critical issue in international trade. International economic law, as a branch of public international law, governs state behavior and relationships in the economic sphere, encompassing agreements between nations and international organizations in the economic domain. The GATT agreement stands as the foundational document in international economic law, with the WTO serving as the preeminent organization in this field. One of the WTO's primary objectives is the implementation of free trade policies. However, this economic approach faces various obstacles, broadly categorized into tariff and non-tariff barriers. This research investigates these impediments to free trade policy implementation within the WTO framework and examines the organization's efforts to overcome them. The study begins by analyzing existing barriers to free trade, followed by an assessment of measures taken to address these obstacles. The conclusion emphasizes the principle of international division of labor as a key consideration in addressing free trade barriers.

The strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm is not possible and meaningful. Therefore, it is necessary to study about different aspects of commodity, service and industrial property trade.By considering the necessity of joint of Iran to WTO, that is one of the main concerns of capitalists and governors, and since the forth development plan is based upon liberating the commerce; and regading the fact that Iran is accepted as an observer member in WTO (Since 26, May 2005), it is vital that before taking any actions, different aspects of each activity be examined thoroughly. Further more, the legal situation of different services should be examined by the experts to comment upon professional aspects.The above mentioned experts, then, according to the position of services trade in Iran and in the world, evaluate the capacity of different services to recognize the internal market and try to expand it into external markets as well.

India has been referred to as one of the emerging economies since early twenty-first century. Rapid growth of GDP and imports/exports along with attraction of substantial foreign direct investment are indicators of the enhancement of India’s position in global economy. In such circumstances, India is also gaining influence in multilateral trade negotiations within WTO framework. Given the important role that multilateral economic institutions play in shaping the contemporary political and economic interactions and due to India’s more rigorous stance in the Doha Round, this article uses descriptive-analytic method and library resources to interpret this policy shift. It also emphasizes on economic reforms, domestic-international interaction, and WTO structure as effective components in this policy shift and simultaneously examines Indian diplomacy and negotiation strategy. This article tries to answer this question: what is India's orientation in WTO? It hypothesizes that India agrees with the WTO's principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures. The article concludes that Indian position toward WTO talks is no longer concentrated on introducing intrinsic changes in order to stand against this organization, rather, it is taking advantage of its new alliances and negotiation methods as a means of economic diplomacy to shape India’s and other emerging countries’ economic demand.

Although the foundation of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor (GAT) was formed on the basis of international trade, and mainly the subject of import and export tariffs, other issues in this organization were legislated, which directly and indirectly focused on the goals of the organization Have been affected. The main reason for the WTO's entry into these seemingly non-commercial issues has been its direct and indirect impact on the organization's goals, in a way that disrupted the goals of the World Trade Organization, regardless of them. In this regard, many subjects, including intellectual property, government support, dumping, etc., were placed on the agenda of this organization and became regulated. In accordance with this procedure, it is necessary to identify and review other relevant issues that have a significant impact on the goals and functioning of the World Trade Organization, and ultimately they will adopt effective and effective mechanisms and rules at the level of the organization and be implemented in a timely manner. . Among the issues that have a profound impact on international trade and have made the world organization's goals worse, is the subject of labor services. The cost of labor is an important part of the cost of manufactured goods, which, in addition to the human rights aspect, has a fundamental impact on the competitiveness of industrial production. Therefore, due to its close connection with business, economic and human rights issues, it is necessary to regulate it at the level of this organization.

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Free trade zones have been established based on the Law on the Administration of Special Economic Zones of the Islamic Republic of Iran to achieve specific objectives outlined in Article 1 of that law. The World Trade Organization (WTO), in turn, was established based on an agreement ratified by approximately 150 countries in 1995, and Iran holds observer status in this organization. In terms of objectives and outlook, these two entities (WTO and free trade zones) share commonalities in areas such as investment, production, export, import, respect for rights, job creation, the elimination of unemployment, and the removal of production subsidies. However, they also have fundamental differences in their structure, organization, and scope of operation. In pursuit of their shared goals, actions such as downsizing the government, reducing bureaucracy, facilitating investment, creating infrastructure, utilizing favorable environments, and ensuring political, economic, and social stability are necessary. Conversely, factors such as governmental instability, unfavorable environments, the existence of bureaucracy, failure to employ competent human resources, and the lack of preparation of skilled workforces hinder the achievement of the objectives behind the establishment of free trade zones.

World Trade Organization (WTO) has principles among which one of the most important is non-discrimination principle. Under this principle, the organization members should have equal treatment with each other. But since countries are not equal in terms of developmental situation, log in developing or less developed countries to the WTO, requires serious attention to the competitiveness of the economies of developing countries, in order to not being affected during compete with the developed countries. That is why, under enabling clause which is continuation of the generalized system of preferences, developed countries may accord differential and more favorable treatment to developing countries, without according such treatment to other contracting parties. Although, preferences are granted on a voluntary basis, this does not mean that preferences should not be subject to WTO rules. Trade preferences which should be generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory, are granted on conditionality and selectivity basis that could frustrate the efficiency of the device and its philosophy, namely to encourage and promote economic development in developing countries.

Globalization is a new phenomenon and its root goes back to the years after second world war. Thus, after war, many steps were taken, such as establishing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1326 (1947) and then World Trade Organization (WTO) in (1375) 1996. So these two organisations are parts of globalization process and because of it"s global charactristics, all countries in the world have to try to join this Trend, or think about it. This paper, shows a part of this global process, with especial emphesis on Iran.